What is the basic principle of LCD Display?

The basic principle of liquid crystal display (LCD) is to use liquid crystal molecules to change their alignment direction under the action of an electric field, thereby controlling the transmission of light and creating contrast and color. LCD itself does not emit light and requires a backlight (usually LED) to provide light. To display colors, LCD covers each pixel with red, green, and blue color filters, and generates rich colors by controlling the brightness combination of the three primary colors.

LCD displays are mainly composed of a backlight, a LCD panel, and a driving circuit.

The LCD panel can be seen as a sandwich structure, a liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between two polarizing film systems with polarization directions perpendicular to each other.

What is the LCD type?

There are currently three mainstream LCD panel technologies on the market, with the main difference being the arrangement and driving methods of liquid crystal molecules.

1. TN (Twisted Nematic): Fast response, low cost. The viewing angle is narrow, and it is currently primarily used in simple display scenarios such as industrial control equipment and electronic watches.

2. IPS (In-Plane Switching): Wide viewing angle. Accurate color reproduction and wrinkle-free touch response are the dominant standards for laptops, tablets, and high-end monitors today. In scenarios requiring extreme color accuracy, such as automotive displays and medical displays, IPS panels hold a leading position.

3. VA (Vertical Alignment): High contrast ratio. The image has strong depth perception, making it particularly suitable for audiovisual entertainment and curved displays.

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